August offers more than just warm evenings and golden
sunsets; it’s also prime time to take a walk and see what’s growing beneath
your livestock’s feet.
Late summer is a good time to take a walk through your
pastures to survey what weeds are in them. Although this is not the best time
of year to spray and control those weeds, this gives you a head start on what
is present.
There is no specific
strategy or step-by-step plan you need to follow when going out to survey
weeds in your pasture, but here are a few tips and tricks that can help you
along the way.
Identify weeds/species
Accurate identification of the weeds present is crucial for
choosing the right control methods. Start by looking at categories: perennial,
annual and fall-emerging weeds.
Some perennials you might see are western ragweed, ironweed and verbena. These can usually be found in places that have thin grass stands
and areas where the livestock congregate in the pasture.
A variety of grasses and broadleaf such as yellow foxtail
and horseweed are just a couple of examples in the annual category that are
prevalent in late summer.
When it comes to fall-emerging weeds, looking at those
winter annuals will give you a good guess what might show up. Weeds like deadnettle
and chickweed germinate in the fall and continue through the winter to flower
in the spring.
Assess weed infestation
While it’s important to identify the weeds you see while
walking through the pasture, it’s almost if not more important to narrow down
where there are infestations of those weeds. This can simply be accomplished by
walking the pasture in a random pattern and covering the entire area of the
pasture.
Before you plan to walk, make sure you have a pencil/pen and
a notebook or sheet of paper with you. This can assist in recording what you
observe while you are walking. Make sure you highlight or star in your
recording those problem areas you may find. Those are typically areas with
thin grass cover, around water sources and along fence lines.
Something else to consider when assessing infestations is
the grazing patterns of your livestock. Weed infestations can be more prominent
in areas where animals overgraze or tend to congregate.
Timing and control
The final step is how to react to the findings of your
survey. There are a few methods that can be taken, and some may take some time.
One method you have already completed! By taking a late-summer assessment, you
have identified the issues that may appear in your pasture and can start a plan
for fall or spring control.
A common control practice is herbicide application. The one
thing to consider for this control method is timing. Identify what stages those
weeds are at. If you see infestations of fall-emerging weeds, plan to spray
those late August through early November but before the ground freezes.
Mowing is a control measure that is a low-cost option.
Mowing can help reduce weed seed production. Make sure you mow before the seeds
start to shed on those weeds.
Two control methods that rely heavily on timing are proper
pasture management and reseeding. Healthy, well-managed pastures with dense
grass stands are less susceptible to weed infestations. This could include developing
a good rotational grazing plan. If weeds have severely impacted the pasture, it
may be time to consider reseeding to reestablish a healthy stand of forage.
Taking the time to do a late-summer weed survey for your
pastures can get you ahead of the game and make a plan for the fall. You also can get your steps in.
Brett Kinzel is the extension educator of agriculture and natural resources for Ohio State University Extension Coshocton County.